This is the unabridged version of John Storer's article that appeared here on The Justice Gap.
I
live and work in Boston, Lincolnshire … a fairly small market town, some 125
miles due north of London. A town that
has seen dramatic changes in the last ten years. In 2001, the population was around 35,000. It
is now around the 45,000 mark. The massive increase in population is almost
exclusively down to the influx of migrant workers that have come here from
other EU countries to work on the land or in the many food factories that
provide most of the work in this part of the world.
Initially,
the influx came from Portugal but once Poland, Lithuania and Latvia joined the
EU, the whole nature of the town started to change. Shops and other businesses
started up, and soon our eastern European friends were a major contribution to
the financial well-being of the town and surrounding areas.
Of
course, as in any society, some of our new residents were not as well-behaved
as others! Pretty soon, we started to see some unpronounceable names on the
court lists and interpreters became an important part of my daily life as a
criminal defence lawyer. Today, some 20%-25% of our client base is non-English
speaking and pretty much every court sitting has at least three interpreters
present.
Over
the years, we have got to know and, much more importantly, trust the
interpreters we come across every day.
They play a vital role in the proper administration of justice – not
just for the defence but for the police and prosecution also. Many victims of crime, and many witnesses to
crime, do not have a sufficient grasp of English to make a complaint of a
crime, or give a full account of what they have seen.
Interpreters
are involved at the outset – from taking complaints and witness statements,
through to acting as translators during interviews with suspects, and then to
assisting the court in making sure the defendant or witness understands and is
understood. They assist both prosecution
and defence in statement taking and statement translation. It would be no
exaggeration to say that, without them, the entire criminal justice system in
our area would be in deep trouble.
So it
was with some misgivings that I read a press release (ignored by most at the
time) of the intention of the Ministry of Justice to contract out interpreting
and translation requirements across the criminal justice network. I started to pick up gossip from the
interpreters I know that they were concerned also.
My
concerns increased when it was announced that the contract had been awarded and
that pretty much every interpreter I knew was refusing to sign up. The warning signs were there at the outset;
the contract was originally due to start in October last year but for some
unannounced reason was postponed to 2012.
We
had experienced problems before – Lincolnshire Police had entered into a
contract several years ago with a company called CINTRA to provide interpreters
at police stations. There were “teething
problems” at first; many of the initial interpreters sent were simply not up to
the job. This caused extra public
expense, because defence solicitors had to employ their own interpreters to
accompany them to the police station and the cost was borne directly by the
Legal Services Commission because all police station advice is funded by
them.
However,
over time the “wheat” was sorted from the “chaff” – the poor ones dropped out
and we were seeing interpreters of quality and, more importantly perhaps, a
working knowledge of the criminal justice system. We started to have enough trust in them that
the need for our own translators diminished to the point that we trusted the
CINTRA interpreters entirely and began using them for defence work as well.
The
figures are quite astonishing – in 2011, the police made 2,200 requests for
interpreters, the overwhelming majority of them being for Russian, Polish and
Lithuanian speakers. Perhaps I should mention here that many Latvians, although
the country has its own language, have Russian as their first language
It
was on 1st February that the Ministry of Justice announced that the
contract had been given to a company called Applied Language Solutions (ALS), a
company formed in 2003 with (it has to be said) considerable experience worldwide
of supplying such services. A quick look at their website showed that, pretty
much straight after the award of the contract, the company had been bought by
Capita Group PLC – the UK’s largest provider of “business process outsourcing”!
So,
on the face of it, the contract was in good hands. However, it soon became
clear that many of the interpreters we knew and trusted had not signed up to
work for ALS. This was because the “contract for services” meant that many of
them would be simply unable to work for the money being offered for their
services. Previously, they had been paid for a minimum of 3 hours’ work with
travelling and expenses. Not overly generous when one considers that would
probably be their only job of the day with no guarantee of work the following
day or days. The new contract is for an
hour minimum with usually no travelling.
Anthony
Walker, a spokesman for ALS is quoted as saying “The rates are fixed and
non-negotiable for everyone. This rate of pay is £22 an hour for a Tier 1
linguist and £20 per hour for a Tier 2 linguist.
“These
two categories being the ones that will be required to deliver the great bulk
of all the work done by linguists in criminal justice settings. A very small
portion of criminal justice work will fall in to the Tier 3 category at £16.”
There
are few of us who can afford to work full-time with the possibility of only
earning £22 in a day, let alone £16!
The
contract, worth £300M over five years, is supposed to save the nation £18M a
year. Quite how this adds up, when the MoJ have previously said they already
spend £60M a year on interpreters / translators, is beyond me. What is clear, however, is that Capita
obviously thought this was a company well worth snapping up and clearly saw
huge profits.
Anyway,
there I was at Boston Magistrates Court on the second or third day of the new
system. I was court duty solicitor, and was told there was a young Rumanian lad
in custody. He’d been charged with (and admitted when interviewed by the
police) a very large shop theft. He’d never been in court before. I was told an interpreter had been booked for
9.30am.
By
11.00am, and no interpreter had arrived, I started to make enquiries. The
police confirmed they had booked one, but then rang me back to tell me they had
been told by ALS that “no one had picked up the job”. I could not even explain to my client (who
had not had the benefit of legal advice whilst at the police station – his own
choosing, I hasten to add) why there was a delay.
Several
phone calls later, I was told an interpreter would be with me for 1.00pm. She
arrived at 1.35pm, having driven many miles from another county. I was pleased to see she was
nationally-registered.
Let
me explain, or let me let the National Register of Public Service Interpreters
explain;
“The
National Register of Public Service Interpreters (NRPSI) maintains a register
of professional, qualified and accountable public service interpreters. Using
the National Register to find an interpreter ensures that you not only employ a
qualified practitioner but that the interpreter can be held accountable should
their conduct or competence fall below the high standards expected of a
Registered Public Service Interpreter”
So I
was sure she would know what she was doing. And she did. We dealt with the case very swiftly after her
arrival. She then began to tell me some
real horror stories about the quality of some of her “colleagues” who had
joined ALS and who held no qualifications at all. For instance, she told me that she had heard
a custody sergeant refuse a detainee bail because he was “a flight risk”.
Anyone in the criminal justice system would know that this meant he might
abscond and fail to surrender to his bail at court. However, this was
translated by the “interpreter” into “You must stay here to stop you catching a
plane”
Still,
I was hopeful. Here was an interpreter who knew her stuff. Perhaps there would
be others like her? I have not yet found
out; she is the only interpreter who has turned up for any of my cases. So far, I am personally aware of sixteen
cases where the interpreter has simply failed to attend. Many of these have been for defendants in
custody; one was charged with murder!
ALS have confirmed that “some” cases
have been cancelled because the firm was unable to provide interpreters.
"Unfortunately that has been
true in some cases which is something that we are working extremely hard to
resolve," an ALS spokesperson said. Actually, Mr or Ms “ALS spokesperson”,
this has been true in the majority of cases in our area and it is clear that
the same thing has happened in courts up and down the country.
Another (or
possibly the same) spokesperson acknowledged that there have been circumstances
where it had not been possible to fulfill a booking at short notice.
She added: ‘Prior
to rollout there was limited accurate management information available
regarding the expected daily volumes of short notice interpreter requests.
Hello! You’ve just entered into a 5 year, £300M
contract! Are you seriously saying you
did not actually know what was expected of you to fulfill that contract?
Social media
networks, such as Twitter, soon started to highlight the problems courts were
facing. This was picked up by more traditional media outlets and articles have
appeared in The Guardian, The Lawyer, The Law Society Gazette, and the BBC
website. Basically, (and interpreters must be given credit for running a
publicity campaign that puts us lawyers to shame), a fuss was made. The fuss
got attention
So much so, in
fact, that Her Majesty’s Courts & Tribunal Service (HMCTS) issued a press
release last week.
"With immediate effect HMCTS
will revert to the previous arrangements for all bookings due within 24 hours
at the magistrates' courts … we will revert to previous arrangements for urgent
bookings required for bail applications, deports and fast track applications in
the first tier tribunal immigration and asylum and urgent bookings in the
asylum support tribunal."
"We understand that some staff
and judiciary have sympathy with existing interpreters. We must however do all
we can to encourage sign-up to the new arrangements – the new contract has the
potential to bring significant benefits to both interpreters and the justice
system as a whole."
Not surprisingly, the vast majority
of NRPSI-registered interpreters see no reason to help the MoJ out of a mess
wholly of its own making and are not cooperating with this relaxation of the
contract.
Things will only improve when ALS
increase the rates of pay it is offering, thus tempting qualified,
highly-skilled, interpreters to sign up with them. However, their new masters
at Capita are unlikely to be happy with the profits from the contract being
reduced – probably substantially reduced.
In the meantime, public money and
court time is being wasted by delayed or aborted hearings. One suspects there is “limited accurate
management information available” to determine the actual cost but it is
increasing by the day.
I cannot end this article without
commenting on my concerns about the quality of those interpreters so far signed
up with ALS. I have received anecdotal evidence
(which I have no reason to doubt) of a lack of experience, knowledge of
procedure, and even the language they are supposed to be translating.
The figures do tend to suggest that there
will be a diminution of quality. ALS claims
that they have signed 3,000 interpreters to run this contract. There are not
3,000 nationally-registered interpreters (the NRPSI website says there are
“over 2,000”). Of those members, at
least 50% - and probably more than 60% - have refused to enrol with
ALS. I would be greatly surprised if
even 30% of the 3,000 interpreters have the necessary qualifications and
experience to work in the criminal justice system
I headed this article “Please be
quiet”. Some explanation is
required. Probably the most important
thing that is said to a detainee when in custody at a police station is the
caution. It’s complicated for most lay
persons in English, so its careful and accurate translation is crucial to the
course of justice. Every day, what is said after that caution is administered
impacts on just about every trial in every criminal court.
The caution starts “You do not have
to say anything …” reminding the interviewee of his or her right to remain
silent and not answer questions. A basic right at the heart of criminal justice
– the right not to self-incriminate. The caution then goes on to say “… but it
may harm your defence if you do not mention, when questioned, something you
later rely on in court”. This reminds
the detainee that remaining silent may impact upon his trial and that the court
can draw a conclusion that his remaining silent was because he had no defence
to offer, or that a subsequent explanation at trial may not be believed.
It is therefore extremely worrying
that an interpreter of my acquaintance, one of the most experienced (and
trusted) in the area, recounts an interview where “You do not have to say
anything” was translated by the interpreter as “Please be quiet”
I imagine that the knock-on effects
of this contract will be occupying the Court of Appeal in the months to come!
Can I end by thanking Yelena McCAFFERTY at Talk Russian for assistance with some statistics
Footnote: Since John wrote this - a week ago, now - nothing has changed. Today, up and down the country, courts will be without interpreters, the administration of criminal justice grinds ever slower, and more and more public money is being wasted. The interpreters (the proper ones, that is) remain solid. An impasse has been reached. Someone will have to back down, and I doubt very much that it will be the interpreters!
Can I end by thanking Yelena McCAFFERTY at Talk Russian for assistance with some statistics
Footnote: Since John wrote this - a week ago, now - nothing has changed. Today, up and down the country, courts will be without interpreters, the administration of criminal justice grinds ever slower, and more and more public money is being wasted. The interpreters (the proper ones, that is) remain solid. An impasse has been reached. Someone will have to back down, and I doubt very much that it will be the interpreters!
